一、机箱机柜的核心功能

1、 Core functions of chassis cabinets

1.物理防护

1. Physical protection

机箱机柜的首要功能是为电子设备提供坚实的物理防护。在复杂的工业环境中，设备可能面临碰撞、振动、灰尘、湿气等多种威胁。例如，在矿山、冶金等重工业场所，机箱机柜需具备高强度的外壳结构，通常采用冷轧钢板或铝合金材质，经过冲压、焊接等工艺打造，能够抵御重物碰撞与机械振动，防止内部电子元件受损。同时，通过密封设计，阻止灰尘、湿气侵入，确保设备在恶劣环境下正常运行。如在粉尘浓度高的水泥生产车间，密封良好的机柜可有效避免粉尘进入，减少设备故障概率。

The primary function of a chassis cabinet is to provide solid physical protection for electronic devices. In complex industrial environments, equipment may face various threats such as collisions, vibrations, dust, and moisture. For example, in heavy industrial sites such as mining and metallurgy, chassis and cabinets need to have high-strength shell structures, usually made of high-quality cold-rolled steel plates or aluminum alloy materials, and constructed through stamping, welding and other processes to resist heavy object collisions and mechanical vibrations, and prevent damage to internal electronic components. At the same time, through sealing design, dust and moisture are prevented from entering, ensuring the normal operation of the equipment in harsh environments. In cement production workshops with high dust concentration, well sealed cabinets can effectively prevent dust from entering and reduce the probability of equipment failure.

2.散热管理

2. Heat dissipation management

电子设备在运行过程中会产生大量热量，若无法及时散发，将导致设备性能下降甚损坏。机箱机柜通过合理的散热设计，保障设备处于适宜的工作温度。常见的散热方式包括自然散热、强制风冷和液冷。自然散热依靠机柜外壳的散热孔和金属材质的导热性，实现热量自然散发，适用于发热量较小的设备；强制风冷则通过安装散热风扇，加速空气流动，带走热量，是目前应用广泛的散热方式。在数据中心，机柜内密集排列的服务器产生大量热量，通过前后通风设计和多组风扇协同工作，形成的风道系统，快速排出热量。液冷技术则利用冷却液循环带走热量，散热效率更高，常用于对散热要求极高的高性能计算设备。

Electronic devices generate a large amount of heat during operation, and if it cannot be dissipated in a timely manner, it will lead to a decrease in device performance or even damage. The chassis cabinet ensures that the equipment is at a suitable working temperature through reasonable heat dissipation design. Common heat dissipation methods include natural heat dissipation, forced air cooling, and liquid cooling. Natural heat dissipation relies on the heat dissipation holes of the cabinet shell and the thermal conductivity of the metal material to achieve natural heat dissipation, which is suitable for devices with low heat generation; Forced air cooling, by installing cooling fans to accelerate air flow and remove heat, is currently the most widely used method of heat dissipation. In the data center, servers densely arranged in cabinets generate a large amount of heat. Through front and rear ventilation design and multiple sets of fans working together, an efficient air duct system is formed to quickly dissipate heat. Liquid cooling technology utilizes coolant circulation to remove heat, resulting in higher heat dissipation efficiency. It is commonly used in high-performance computing devices that require extremely high heat dissipation.

3.电磁屏蔽

3. Electromagnetic shielding

随着电子设备数量的增加，电磁干扰问题日益严重。机箱机柜的电磁屏蔽功能能够有效阻止电磁辐射泄漏，同时防止外部电磁干扰影响设备正常运行。机柜采用具有电磁屏蔽性能的材料，并在接缝处安装导电衬垫，确保良好的电磁密封。在通信基站、金融数据中心等对电磁环境要求严格的场所，具备高电磁屏蔽效能的机柜能够保障信号传输的稳定性和数据的性，避免信息泄露与设备故障。

With the increasing number of electronic devices, electromagnetic interference problems are becoming increasingly serious. The electromagnetic shielding function of the chassis cabinet can effectively prevent electromagnetic radiation leakage and prevent external electromagnetic interference from affecting the normal operation of the equipment. The cabinet is made of materials with electromagnetic shielding performance, and conductive pads are installed at the joints to ensure good electromagnetic sealing. In places with strict electromagnetic environment requirements such as communication base stations and financial data centers, cabinets with high electromagnetic shielding efficiency can ensure the stability of signal transmission and the security of data, avoiding information leakage and equipment failures.

二、机箱机柜的类型与特点

2、 Types and characteristics of chassis cabinets

1.标准机柜

1. Standard cabinet

标准机柜是应用为广泛的类型，遵循国际通用标准尺寸，常见规格为 19 英寸机柜。其内部设有安装立柱和托盘，可方便安装各种标准尺寸的电子设备，如服务器、交换机、路由器等。标准机柜结构规整，兼容性强，便于设备的安装、维护与扩展。在数据中心，标准机柜整齐排列，配合统一的布线系统，实现设备的集中管理与运行。

Standard cabinets are the most widely used type, following internationally recognized standard sizes, with a common specification of 19 inch cabinets. It is equipped with installation columns and trays inside, which can facilitate the installation of various standard sized electronic devices such as servers, switches, routers, etc. The standard cabinet has a well-organized structure, strong compatibility, and is easy to install, maintain, and expand equipment. In the data center, standard cabinets are neatly arranged and coordinated with a unified cabling system to achieve centralized management and efficient operation of equipment.

2.户外机柜

2. Outdoor cabinets

户外机柜专为室外环境设计，需具备更强的防护性能。它通常采用不锈钢或特殊防腐材质，具有防水、防尘、防晒、防腐蚀等特性，防护等级可达 IP65 以上。例如，在移动通信基站，户外机柜需经受风吹日晒、雨淋雪冻等恶劣天气考验，确保内部通信设备正常工作。此外，户外机柜还配备温控系统，如空调或热交换器，维持内部恒温环境，保障设备稳定运行。

Outdoor cabinets are designed specifically for outdoor environments and require stronger protective performance. It is usually made of stainless steel or special anti-corrosion materials, with waterproof, dustproof, sunscreen, anti-corrosion and other characteristics, and the protection level can reach IP65 or above. For example, in mobile communication base stations, outdoor cabinets need to withstand harsh weather conditions such as wind, sun, rain, snow, and freezing to ensure the normal operation of internal communication equipment. In addition, outdoor cabinets are equipped with temperature control systems, such as air conditioning or heat exchangers, to maintain a constant temperature environment inside and ensure stable operation of equipment.

3.工业控制柜

3. Industrial control cabinet

工业控制柜主要应用于工业自动化领域，用于安装 PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）、变频器、继电器等控制设备。它具有坚固的结构和良好的电磁兼容性，能够适应工业生产现场复杂的电磁环境和机械振动。工业控制柜的内部布局根据设备功能进行定制化设计，设置独立的电气隔离区域，便于布线与维护。同时，通过安装散热风扇、通风孔等散热装置，确保内部设备的散热需求​

Industrial control cabinets are mainly used in the field of industrial automation, for installing control equipment such as PLCs (programmable logic controllers), frequency converters, relays, etc. It has a sturdy structure and good electromagnetic compatibility, and can adapt to complex electromagnetic environments and mechanical vibrations in industrial production sites. The internal layout of industrial control cabinets is customized according to equipment functions, with independent electrical isolation areas set up for easy wiring and maintenance. At the same time, by installing cooling fans, ventilation holes and other heat dissipation devices, the heat dissipation needs of internal equipment are ensured

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